/* * (C) Copyright 2002 * Brad Kemp, Seranoa Networks, Brad.Kemp@seranoa.com * * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this * project. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, * MA 02111-1307 USA */ #include <common.h> #include <asm/processor.h> #include <asm/cache.h> #undef DEBUG_FLASH /* * This file implements a Common Flash Interface (CFI) driver for U-Boot. * The width of the port and the width of the chips are determined at initialization. * These widths are used to calculate the address for access CFI data structures. * It has been tested on an Intel Strataflash implementation. * * References * JEDEC Standard JESD68 - Common Flash Interface (CFI) * JEDEC Standard JEP137-A Common Flash Interface (CFI) ID Codes * Intel Application Note 646 Common Flash Interface (CFI) and Command Sets * Intel 290667-008 3 Volt Intel StrataFlash Memory datasheet * * TODO * Use Primary Extended Query table (PRI) and Alternate Algorithm Query Table (ALT) to determine if protection is available * Add support for other command sets Use the PRI and ALT to determine command set * Verify erase and program timeouts. */ #define FLASH_CMD_CFI 0x98 #define FLASH_CMD_READ_ID 0x90 #define FLASH_CMD_RESET 0xff #define FLASH_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE 0x20 #define FLASH_CMD_ERASE_CONFIRM 0xD0 #define FLASH_CMD_WRITE 0x40 #define FLASH_CMD_PROTECT 0x60 #define FLASH_CMD_PROTECT_SET 0x01 #define FLASH_CMD_PROTECT_CLEAR 0xD0 #define FLASH_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS 0x50 #define FLASH_CMD_WRITE_TO_BUFFER 0xE8 #define FLASH_CMD_WRITE_BUFFER_CONFIRM 0xD0 #define FLASH_STATUS_DONE 0x80 #define FLASH_STATUS_ESS 0x40 #define FLASH_STATUS_ECLBS 0x20 #define FLASH_STATUS_PSLBS 0x10 #define FLASH_STATUS_VPENS 0x08 #define FLASH_STATUS_PSS 0x04 #define FLASH_STATUS_DPS 0x02 #define FLASH_STATUS_R 0x01 #define FLASH_STATUS_PROTECT 0x01 #define FLASH_OFFSET_CFI 0x55 #define FLASH_OFFSET_CFI_RESP 0x10 #define FLASH_OFFSET_WTOUT 0x1F #define FLASH_OFFSET_WBTOUT 0x20 #define FLASH_OFFSET_ETOUT 0x21 #define FLASH_OFFSET_CETOUT 0x22 #define FLASH_OFFSET_WMAX_TOUT 0x23 #define FLASH_OFFSET_WBMAX_TOUT 0x24 #define FLASH_OFFSET_EMAX_TOUT 0x25 #define FLASH_OFFSET_CEMAX_TOUT 0x26 #define FLASH_OFFSET_SIZE 0x27 #define FLASH_OFFSET_INTERFACE 0x28 #define FLASH_OFFSET_BUFFER_SIZE 0x2A #define FLASH_OFFSET_NUM_ERASE_REGIONS 0x2C #define FLASH_OFFSET_ERASE_REGIONS 0x2D #define FLASH_OFFSET_PROTECT 0x02 #define FLASH_OFFSET_USER_PROTECTION 0x85 #define FLASH_OFFSET_INTEL_PROTECTION 0x81 #define FLASH_MAN_CFI 0x01000000 typedef union { unsigned char c; unsigned short w; unsigned long l; } cfiword_t; typedef union { unsigned char * cp; unsigned short *wp; unsigned long *lp; } cfiptr_t; #define NUM_ERASE_REGIONS 4 flash_info_t flash_info[CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS]; /* info for FLASH chips */ /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * Functions */ static void flash_add_byte(flash_info_t *info, cfiword_t * cword, uchar c); static void flash_make_cmd(flash_info_t * info, uchar cmd, void * cmdbuf); static void flash_write_cmd(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset, uchar cmd); static int flash_isequal(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset, uchar cmd); static int flash_isset(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset, uchar cmd); static int flash_detect_cfi(flash_info_t * info); static ulong flash_get_size (ulong base, int banknum); static int flash_write_cfiword (flash_info_t *info, ulong dest, cfiword_t cword); static int flash_full_status_check(flash_info_t * info, ulong sector, ulong tout, char * prompt); #ifdef CFG_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE static int flash_write_cfibuffer(flash_info_t * info, ulong dest, uchar * cp, int len); #endif /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * create an address based on the offset and the port width */ inline uchar * flash_make_addr(flash_info_t * info, int sect, int offset) { return ((uchar *)(info->start[sect] + (offset * info->portwidth))); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * read a character at a port width address */ inline uchar flash_read_uchar(flash_info_t * info, uchar offset) { uchar *cp; cp = flash_make_addr(info, 0, offset); return (cp[info->portwidth - 1]); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * read a short word by swapping for ppc format. */ ushort flash_read_ushort(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset) { uchar * addr; addr = flash_make_addr(info, sect, offset); return ((addr[(2*info->portwidth) - 1] << 8) | addr[info->portwidth - 1]); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * read a long word by picking the least significant byte of each maiximum * port size word. Swap for ppc format. */ ulong flash_read_long(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset) { uchar * addr; addr = flash_make_addr(info, sect, offset); return ( (addr[(2*info->portwidth) - 1] << 24 ) | (addr[(info->portwidth) -1] << 16) | (addr[(4*info->portwidth) - 1] << 8) | addr[(3*info->portwidth) - 1]); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ unsigned long flash_init (void) { unsigned long size; int i; unsigned long address; /* The flash is positioned back to back, with the demultiplexing of the chip * based on the A24 address line. * */ address = CFG_FLASH_BASE; size = 0; /* Init: no FLASHes known */ for (i=0; i<CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS; ++i) { flash_info[i].flash_id = FLASH_UNKNOWN; size += flash_info[i].size = flash_get_size(address, i); address += CFG_FLASH_INCREMENT; if (flash_info[i].flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN) { printf ("## Unknown FLASH on Bank %d - Size = 0x%08lx = %ld MB\n",i, flash_info[0].size, flash_info[i].size<<20); } } #if 0 /* test-only */ /* Monitor protection ON by default */ #if (CFG_MONITOR_BASE >= CFG_FLASH_BASE) for(i=0; flash_info[0].start[i] < CFG_MONITOR_BASE+monitor_flash_len-1; i++) (void)flash_real_protect(&flash_info[0], i, 1); #endif #endif return (size); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ int flash_erase (flash_info_t *info, int s_first, int s_last) { int rcode = 0; int prot; int sect; if( info->flash_id != FLASH_MAN_CFI) { printf ("Can't erase unknown flash type - aborted\n"); return 1; } if ((s_first < 0) || (s_first > s_last)) { printf ("- no sectors to erase\n"); return 1; } prot = 0; for (sect=s_first; sect<=s_last; ++sect) { if (info->protect[sect]) { prot++; } } if (prot) { printf ("- Warning: %d protected sectors will not be erased!\n", prot); } else { printf ("\n"); } for (sect = s_first; sect<=s_last; sect++) { if (info->protect[sect] == 0) { /* not protected */ flash_write_cmd(info, sect, 0, FLASH_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS); flash_write_cmd(info, sect, 0, FLASH_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE); flash_write_cmd(info, sect, 0, FLASH_CMD_ERASE_CONFIRM); if(flash_full_status_check(info, sect, info->erase_blk_tout, "erase")) { rcode = 1; } else printf("."); } } printf (" done\n"); return rcode; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ void flash_print_info (flash_info_t *info) { int i; if (info->flash_id != FLASH_MAN_CFI) { printf ("missing or unknown FLASH type\n"); return; } printf("CFI conformant FLASH (%d x %d)", (info->portwidth << 3 ), (info->chipwidth << 3 )); printf (" Size: %ld MB in %d Sectors\n", info->size >> 20, info->sector_count); printf(" Erase timeout %ld ms, write timeout %ld ms, buffer write timeout %ld ms, buffer size %d\n", info->erase_blk_tout, info->write_tout, info->buffer_write_tout, info->buffer_size); printf (" Sector Start Addresses:"); for (i=0; i<info->sector_count; ++i) { if ((i % 5) == 0) printf ("\n"); printf (" %08lX%5s", info->start[i], info->protect[i] ? " (RO)" : " " ); } printf ("\n"); return; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * Copy memory to flash, returns: * 0 - OK * 1 - write timeout * 2 - Flash not erased */ int write_buff (flash_info_t *info, uchar *src, ulong addr, ulong cnt) { ulong wp; ulong cp; int aln; cfiword_t cword; int i, rc; /* get lower aligned address */ wp = (addr & ~(info->portwidth - 1)); /* handle unaligned start */ if((aln = addr - wp) != 0) { cword.l = 0; cp = wp; for(i=0;i<aln; ++i, ++cp) flash_add_byte(info, &cword, (*(uchar *)cp)); for(; (i< info->portwidth) && (cnt > 0) ; i++) { flash_add_byte(info, &cword, *src++); cnt--; cp++; } for(; (cnt == 0) && (i < info->portwidth); ++i, ++cp) flash_add_byte(info, &cword, (*(uchar *)cp)); if((rc = flash_write_cfiword(info, wp, cword)) != 0) return rc; wp = cp; } #ifdef CFG_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE while(cnt >= info->portwidth) { i = info->buffer_size > cnt? cnt: info->buffer_size; if((rc = flash_write_cfibuffer(info, wp, src,i)) != ERR_OK) return rc; wp += i; src += i; cnt -=i; } #else /* handle the aligned part */ while(cnt >= info->portwidth) { cword.l = 0; for(i = 0; i < info->portwidth; i++) { flash_add_byte(info, &cword, *src++); } if((rc = flash_write_cfiword(info, wp, cword)) != 0) return rc; wp += info->portwidth; cnt -= info->portwidth; } #endif /* CFG_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE */ if (cnt == 0) { return (0); } /* * handle unaligned tail bytes */ cword.l = 0; for (i=0, cp=wp; (i<info->portwidth) && (cnt>0); ++i, ++cp) { flash_add_byte(info, &cword, *src++); --cnt; } for (; i<info->portwidth; ++i, ++cp) { flash_add_byte(info, & cword, (*(uchar *)cp)); } return flash_write_cfiword(info, wp, cword); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ int flash_real_protect(flash_info_t *info, long sector, int prot) { int retcode = 0; flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS); flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_PROTECT); if(prot) flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_PROTECT_SET); else flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_PROTECT_CLEAR); if((retcode = flash_full_status_check(info, sector, info->erase_blk_tout, prot?"protect":"unprotect")) == 0) { info->protect[sector] = prot; /* Intel's unprotect unprotects all locking */ if(prot == 0) { int i; for(i = 0 ; i<info->sector_count; i++) { if(info->protect[i]) flash_real_protect(info, i, 1); } } } return retcode; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * wait for XSR.7 to be set. Time out with an error if it does not. * This routine does not set the flash to read-array mode. */ static int flash_status_check(flash_info_t * info, ulong sector, ulong tout, char * prompt) { ulong start; /* Wait for command completion */ start = get_timer (0); while(!flash_isset(info, sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_DONE)) { if (get_timer(start) > info->erase_blk_tout) { printf("Flash %s timeout at address %lx\n", prompt, info->start[sector]); flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_RESET); return ERR_TIMOUT; } } return ERR_OK; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * Wait for XSR.7 to be set, if it times out print an error, otherwise do a full status check. * This routine sets the flash to read-array mode. */ static int flash_full_status_check(flash_info_t * info, ulong sector, ulong tout, char * prompt) { int retcode; retcode = flash_status_check(info, sector, tout, prompt); if((retcode == ERR_OK) && !flash_isequal(info,sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_DONE)) { retcode = ERR_INVAL; printf("Flash %s error at address %lx\n", prompt,info->start[sector]); if(flash_isset(info, sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_ECLBS | FLASH_STATUS_PSLBS)){ printf("Command Sequence Error.\n"); } else if(flash_isset(info, sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_ECLBS)){ printf("Block Erase Error.\n"); retcode = ERR_NOT_ERASED; } else if (flash_isset(info, sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_PSLBS)) { printf("Locking Error\n"); } if(flash_isset(info, sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_DPS)){ printf("Block locked.\n"); retcode = ERR_PROTECTED; } if(flash_isset(info, sector, 0, FLASH_STATUS_VPENS)) printf("Vpp Low Error.\n"); } flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_RESET); return retcode; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static void flash_add_byte(flash_info_t *info, cfiword_t * cword, uchar c) { switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: cword->c = c; break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: cword->w = (cword->w << 8) | c; break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: cword->l = (cword->l << 8) | c; } } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * make a proper sized command based on the port and chip widths */ static void flash_make_cmd(flash_info_t * info, uchar cmd, void * cmdbuf) { int i; uchar *cp = (uchar *)cmdbuf; for(i=0; i< info->portwidth; i++) *cp++ = ((i+1) % info->chipwidth) ? '\0':cmd; } /* * Write a proper sized command to the correct address */ static void flash_write_cmd(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset, uchar cmd) { volatile cfiptr_t addr; cfiword_t cword; addr.cp = flash_make_addr(info, sect, offset); flash_make_cmd(info, cmd, &cword); switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: *addr.cp = cword.c; break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: *addr.wp = cword.w; break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: *addr.lp = cword.l; break; } } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int flash_isequal(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset, uchar cmd) { cfiptr_t cptr; cfiword_t cword; int retval; cptr.cp = flash_make_addr(info, sect, offset); flash_make_cmd(info, cmd, &cword); switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: retval = (cptr.cp[0] == cword.c); break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: retval = (cptr.wp[0] == cword.w); break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: retval = (cptr.lp[0] == cword.l); break; default: retval = 0; break; } return retval; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int flash_isset(flash_info_t * info, int sect, uchar offset, uchar cmd) { cfiptr_t cptr; cfiword_t cword; int retval; cptr.cp = flash_make_addr(info, sect, offset); flash_make_cmd(info, cmd, &cword); switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: retval = ((cptr.cp[0] & cword.c) == cword.c); break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: retval = ((cptr.wp[0] & cword.w) == cword.w); break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: retval = ((cptr.lp[0] & cword.l) == cword.l); break; default: retval = 0; break; } return retval; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- * detect if flash is compatible with the Common Flash Interface (CFI) * http://www.jedec.org/download/search/jesd68.pdf * */ static int flash_detect_cfi(flash_info_t * info) { for(info->portwidth=FLASH_CFI_8BIT; info->portwidth <= FLASH_CFI_32BIT; info->portwidth <<= 1) { for(info->chipwidth =FLASH_CFI_BY8; info->chipwidth <= info->portwidth; info->chipwidth <<= 1) { flash_write_cmd(info, 0, 0, FLASH_CMD_RESET); flash_write_cmd(info, 0, FLASH_OFFSET_CFI, FLASH_CMD_CFI); if(flash_isequal(info, 0, FLASH_OFFSET_CFI_RESP,'Q') && flash_isequal(info, 0, FLASH_OFFSET_CFI_RESP + 1, 'R') && flash_isequal(info, 0, FLASH_OFFSET_CFI_RESP + 2, 'Y')) return 1; } } return 0; } /* * The following code cannot be run from FLASH! * */ static ulong flash_get_size (ulong base, int banknum) { flash_info_t * info = &flash_info[banknum]; int i, j; int sect_cnt; unsigned long sector; unsigned long tmp; int size_ratio = 0; uchar num_erase_regions; int erase_region_size; int erase_region_count; info->start[0] = base; invalidate_dcache_range(base, base+0x400); if(flash_detect_cfi(info)){ size_ratio = info->portwidth / info->chipwidth; num_erase_regions = flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_NUM_ERASE_REGIONS); sect_cnt = 0; sector = base; for(i = 0 ; i < num_erase_regions; i++) { if(i > NUM_ERASE_REGIONS) { printf("%d erase regions found, only %d used\n", num_erase_regions, NUM_ERASE_REGIONS); break; } tmp = flash_read_long(info, 0, FLASH_OFFSET_ERASE_REGIONS); erase_region_size = (tmp & 0xffff)? ((tmp & 0xffff) * 256): 128; tmp >>= 16; erase_region_count = (tmp & 0xffff) +1; for(j = 0; j< erase_region_count; j++) { info->start[sect_cnt] = sector; sector += (erase_region_size * size_ratio); info->protect[sect_cnt] = flash_isset(info, sect_cnt, FLASH_OFFSET_PROTECT, FLASH_STATUS_PROTECT); sect_cnt++; } } info->sector_count = sect_cnt; /* multiply the size by the number of chips */ info->size = (1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_SIZE)) * size_ratio; info->buffer_size = (1 << flash_read_ushort(info, 0, FLASH_OFFSET_BUFFER_SIZE)); tmp = 1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_ETOUT); info->erase_blk_tout = (tmp * (1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_EMAX_TOUT))); tmp = 1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_WBTOUT); info->buffer_write_tout = (tmp * (1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_WBMAX_TOUT))); tmp = 1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_WTOUT); info->write_tout = (tmp * (1 << flash_read_uchar(info, FLASH_OFFSET_WMAX_TOUT)))/ 1000; info->flash_id = FLASH_MAN_CFI; } flash_write_cmd(info, 0, 0, FLASH_CMD_RESET); #ifdef DEBUG_FLASH printf("portwidth=%d chipwidth=%d\n", info->portwidth, info->chipwidth); /* test-only */ #endif #ifdef DEBUG_FLASH printf("found %d erase regions\n", num_erase_regions); #endif #ifdef DEBUG_FLASH printf("size=%08x sectors=%08x \n", info->size, info->sector_count); #endif return(info->size); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int flash_write_cfiword (flash_info_t *info, ulong dest, cfiword_t cword) { cfiptr_t ctladdr; cfiptr_t cptr; int flag; ctladdr.cp = flash_make_addr(info, 0, 0); cptr.cp = (uchar *)dest; /* Check if Flash is (sufficiently) erased */ switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: flag = ((cptr.cp[0] & cword.c) == cword.c); break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: flag = ((cptr.wp[0] & cword.w) == cword.w); break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: flag = ((cptr.lp[0] & cword.l) == cword.l); break; default: return 2; } if(!flag) return 2; /* Disable interrupts which might cause a timeout here */ flag = disable_interrupts(); flash_write_cmd(info, 0, 0, FLASH_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS); flash_write_cmd(info, 0, 0, FLASH_CMD_WRITE); switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: cptr.cp[0] = cword.c; break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: cptr.wp[0] = cword.w; break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: cptr.lp[0] = cword.l; break; } /* re-enable interrupts if necessary */ if(flag) enable_interrupts(); return flash_full_status_check(info, 0, info->write_tout, "write"); } #ifdef CFG_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE /* loop through the sectors from the highest address * when the passed address is greater or equal to the sector address * we have a match */ static int find_sector(flash_info_t *info, ulong addr) { int sector; for(sector = info->sector_count - 1; sector >= 0; sector--) { if(addr >= info->start[sector]) break; } return sector; } static int flash_write_cfibuffer(flash_info_t * info, ulong dest, uchar * cp, int len) { int sector; int cnt; int retcode; volatile cfiptr_t src; volatile cfiptr_t dst; src.cp = cp; dst.cp = (uchar *)dest; sector = find_sector(info, dest); flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS); flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_WRITE_TO_BUFFER); if((retcode = flash_status_check(info, sector, info->buffer_write_tout, "write to buffer")) == ERR_OK) { switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: cnt = len; break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: cnt = len >> 1; break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: cnt = len >> 2; break; default: return ERR_INVAL; break; } flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, (uchar)cnt-1); while(cnt-- > 0) { switch(info->portwidth) { case FLASH_CFI_8BIT: *dst.cp++ = *src.cp++; break; case FLASH_CFI_16BIT: *dst.wp++ = *src.wp++; break; case FLASH_CFI_32BIT: *dst.lp++ = *src.lp++; break; default: return ERR_INVAL; break; } } flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_WRITE_BUFFER_CONFIRM); retcode = flash_full_status_check(info, sector, info->buffer_write_tout, "buffer write"); } flash_write_cmd(info, sector, 0, FLASH_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS); return retcode; } #endif /* CFG_USE_FLASH_BUFFER_WRITE */