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+/*
+ * (C) Copyright 2002
+ * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
+ *
+ * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
+ * project.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
+ * MA 02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <common.h>
+
+/* Memory test
+ *
+ * General observations:
+ * o The recommended test sequence is to test the data lines: if they are
+ * broken, nothing else will work properly. Then test the address
+ * lines. Finally, test the cells in the memory now that the test
+ * program knows that the address and data lines work properly.
+ * This sequence also helps isolate and identify what is faulty.
+ *
+ * o For the address line test, it is a good idea to use the base
+ * address of the lowest memory location, which causes a '1' bit to
+ * walk through a field of zeros on the address lines and the highest
+ * memory location, which causes a '0' bit to walk through a field of
+ * '1's on the address line.
+ *
+ * o Floating buses can fool memory tests if the test routine writes
+ * a value and then reads it back immediately. The problem is, the
+ * write will charge the residual capacitance on the data bus so the
+ * bus retains its state briefely. When the test program reads the
+ * value back immediately, the capacitance of the bus can allow it
+ * to read back what was written, even though the memory circuitry
+ * is broken. To avoid this, the test program should write a test
+ * pattern to the target location, write a different pattern elsewhere
+ * to charge the residual capacitance in a differnt manner, then read
+ * the target location back.
+ *
+ * o Always read the target location EXACTLY ONCE and save it in a local
+ * variable. The problem with reading the target location more than
+ * once is that the second and subsequent reads may work properly,
+ * resulting in a failed test that tells the poor technician that
+ * "Memory error at 00000000, wrote aaaaaaaa, read aaaaaaaa" which
+ * doesn't help him one bit and causes puzzled phone calls. Been there,
+ * done that.
+ *
+ * Data line test:
+ * ---------------
+ * This tests data lines for shorts and opens by forcing adjacent data
+ * to opposite states. Because the data lines could be routed in an
+ * arbitrary manner the must ensure test patterns ensure that every case
+ * is tested. By using the following series of binary patterns every
+ * combination of adjacent bits is test regardless of routing.
+ *
+ * ...101010101010101010101010
+ * ...110011001100110011001100
+ * ...111100001111000011110000
+ * ...111111110000000011111111
+ *
+ * Carrying this out, gives us six hex patterns as follows:
+ *
+ * 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
+ * 0xcccccccccccccccc
+ * 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0
+ * 0xff00ff00ff00ff00
+ * 0xffff0000ffff0000
+ * 0xffffffff00000000
+ *
+ * To test for short and opens to other signals on our boards, we
+ * simply test with the 1's complemnt of the paterns as well, resulting
+ * in twelve patterns total.
+ *
+ * After writing a test pattern. a special pattern 0x0123456789ABCDEF is
+ * written to a different address in case the data lines are floating.
+ * Thus, if a byte lane fails, you will see part of the special
+ * pattern in that byte lane when the test runs. For example, if the
+ * xx__xxxxxxxxxxxx byte line fails, you will see aa23aaaaaaaaaaaa
+ * (for the 'a' test pattern).
+ *
+ * Address line test:
+ * ------------------
+ * This function performs a test to verify that all the address lines
+ * hooked up to the RAM work properly. If there is an address line
+ * fault, it usually shows up as two different locations in the address
+ * map (related by the faulty address line) mapping to one physical
+ * memory storage location. The artifact that shows up is writing to
+ * the first location "changes" the second location.
+ *
+ * To test all address lines, we start with the given base address and
+ * xor the address with a '1' bit to flip one address line. For each
+ * test, we shift the '1' bit left to test the next address line.
+ *
+ * In the actual code, we start with address sizeof(ulong) since our
+ * test pattern we use is a ulong and thus, if we tried to test lower
+ * order address bits, it wouldn't work because our pattern would
+ * overwrite itself.
+ *
+ * Example for a 4 bit address space with the base at 0000:
+ * 0000 <- base
+ * 0001 <- test 1
+ * 0010 <- test 2
+ * 0100 <- test 3
+ * 1000 <- test 4
+ * Example for a 4 bit address space with the base at 0010:
+ * 0010 <- base
+ * 0011 <- test 1
+ * 0000 <- (below the base address, skipped)
+ * 0110 <- test 2
+ * 1010 <- test 3
+ *
+ * The test locations are successively tested to make sure that they are
+ * not "mirrored" onto the base address due to a faulty address line.
+ * Note that the base and each test location are related by one address
+ * line flipped. Note that the base address need not be all zeros.
+ *
+ * Memory tests 1-4:
+ * -----------------
+ * These tests verify RAM using sequential writes and reads
+ * to/from RAM. There are several test cases that use different patterns to
+ * verify RAM. Each test case fills a region of RAM with one pattern and
+ * then reads the region back and compares its contents with the pattern.
+ * The following patterns are used:
+ *
+ * 1a) zero pattern (0x00000000)
+ * 1b) negative pattern (0xffffffff)
+ * 1c) checkerboard pattern (0x55555555)
+ * 1d) checkerboard pattern (0xaaaaaaaa)
+ * 2) bit-flip pattern ((1 << (offset % 32))
+ * 3) address pattern (offset)
+ * 4) address pattern (~offset)
+ *
+ * Being run in normal mode, the test verifies only small 4Kb
+ * regions of RAM around each 1Mb boundary. For example, for 64Mb
+ * RAM the following areas are verified: 0x00000000-0x00000800,
+ * 0x000ff800-0x00100800, 0x001ff800-0x00200800, ..., 0x03fff800-
+ * 0x04000000. If the test is run in power-fail mode, it verifies
+ * the whole RAM.
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_POST
+
+#include <post.h>
+#include <watchdog.h>
+
+#if CONFIG_POST & CFG_POST_MEMORY
+
+/*
+ * Define INJECT_*_ERRORS for testing error detection in the presence of
+ * _good_ hardware.
+ */
+#undef INJECT_DATA_ERRORS
+#undef INJECT_ADDRESS_ERRORS
+
+#ifdef INJECT_DATA_ERRORS
+#warning "Injecting data line errors for testing purposes"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ADDRESS_ERRORS
+#warning "Injecting address line errors for testing purposes"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * This function performs a double word move from the data at
+ * the source pointer to the location at the destination pointer.
+ * This is helpful for testing memory on processors which have a 64 bit
+ * wide data bus.
+ *
+ * On those PowerPC with FPU, use assembly and a floating point move:
+ * this does a 64 bit move.
+ *
+ * For other processors, let the compiler generate the best code it can.
+ */
+static void move64(unsigned long long *src, unsigned long long *dest)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_MPC8260) || defined(CONFIG_MPC824X)
+ asm ("lfd 0, 0(3)\n\t" /* fpr0 = *scr */
+ "stfd 0, 0(4)" /* *dest = fpr0 */
+ : : : "fr0" ); /* Clobbers fr0 */
+ return;
+#else
+ *dest = *src;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is 64 bit wide test patterns. Note that they reside in ROM
+ * (which presumably works) and the tests write them to RAM which may
+ * not work.
+ *
+ * The "otherpattern" is written to drive the data bus to values other
+ * than the test pattern. This is for detecting floating bus lines.
+ *
+ */
+const static unsigned long long pattern[] = {
+ 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,
+ 0xcccccccccccccccc,
+ 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0,
+ 0xff00ff00ff00ff00,
+ 0xffff0000ffff0000,
+ 0xffffffff00000000,
+ 0x00000000ffffffff,
+ 0x0000ffff0000ffff,
+ 0x00ff00ff00ff00ff,
+ 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f,
+ 0x3333333333333333,
+ 0x5555555555555555};
+const unsigned long long otherpattern = 0x0123456789abcdef;
+
+
+static int memory_post_dataline(unsigned long long * pmem)
+{
+ unsigned long long temp64;
+ int num_patterns = sizeof(pattern)/ sizeof(pattern[0]);
+ int i;
+ unsigned int hi, lo, pathi, patlo;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ for ( i = 0; i < num_patterns; i++) {
+ move64((unsigned long long *)&(pattern[i]), pmem++);
+ /*
+ * Put a different pattern on the data lines: otherwise they
+ * may float long enough to read back what we wrote.
+ */
+ move64((unsigned long long *)&otherpattern, pmem--);
+ move64(pmem, &temp64);
+
+#ifdef INJECT_DATA_ERRORS
+ temp64 ^= 0x00008000;
+#endif
+
+ if (temp64 != pattern[i]){
+ pathi = (pattern[i]>>32) & 0xffffffff;
+ patlo = pattern[i] & 0xffffffff;
+
+ hi = (temp64>>32) & 0xffffffff;
+ lo = temp64 & 0xffffffff;
+
+ post_log ("Memory (date line) error at %08x, "
+ "wrote %08x%08x, read %08x%08x !\n",
+ pmem, pathi, patlo, hi, lo);
+ ret = -1;
+ }
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int memory_post_addrline(ulong *testaddr, ulong *base, ulong size)
+{
+ ulong *target;
+ ulong *end;
+ ulong readback;
+ ulong xor;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ end = base + size;
+ xor = 0;
+ for(xor = sizeof(ulong); xor > 0; xor <<= 1) {
+ target = (ulong *)((ulong)testaddr ^ xor);
+ if((target >= base) && (target < end)) {
+ *testaddr = ~*target;
+ readback = *target;
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ADDRESS_ERRORS
+ if(xor == 0x00008000) {
+ readback = *testaddr;
+ }
+#endif
+ if(readback == *testaddr) {
+ post_log ("Memory (address line) error at %08x<->%08x, "
+ "XOR value %08x !\n",
+ testaddr, target, xor);
+ ret = -1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int memory_post_test1 (unsigned long start,
+ unsigned long size,
+ unsigned long val)
+{
+ unsigned long i;
+ ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
+ ulong readback;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
+ mem[i] = val;
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
+ readback = mem[i];
+ if (readback != val) {
+ post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
+ "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
+ mem + i, val, readback);
+
+ ret = -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int memory_post_test2 (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
+{
+ unsigned long i;
+ ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
+ ulong readback;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
+ mem[i] = 1 << (i % 32);
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
+ readback = mem[i];
+ if (readback != (1 << (i % 32))) {
+ post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
+ "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
+ mem + i, 1 << (i % 32), readback);
+
+ ret = -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int memory_post_test3 (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
+{
+ unsigned long i;
+ ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
+ ulong readback;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
+ mem[i] = i;
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
+ readback = mem[i];
+ if (readback != i) {
+ post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
+ "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
+ mem + i, i, readback);
+
+ ret = -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int memory_post_test4 (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
+{
+ unsigned long i;
+ ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
+ ulong readback;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
+ mem[i] = ~i;
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
+ readback = mem[i];
+ if (readback != ~i) {
+ post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
+ "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
+ mem + i, ~i, readback);
+
+ ret = -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (i % 1024 == 0)
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int memory_post_tests (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_dataline ((long long *)start);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_addrline ((long *)start, (long *)start, size);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_addrline ((long *)(start + size - 8),
+ (long *)start, size);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0x00000000);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0xffffffff);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0x55555555);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0xaaaaaaaa);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test2 (start, size);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test3 (start, size);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_test4 (start, size);
+ WATCHDOG_RESET ();
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+int memory_post_test (int flags)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+ DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
+ bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
+ unsigned long memsize = (bd->bi_memsize >= 256 << 20 ?
+ 256 << 20 : bd->bi_memsize) - (1 << 20);
+
+
+ if (flags & POST_POWERFAIL) {
+ ret = memory_post_tests (CFG_SDRAM_BASE, memsize);
+ } else { /* POST_POWERNORMAL */
+
+ unsigned long i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < (memsize >> 20) && ret == 0; i++) {
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_tests (i << 20, 0x800);
+ if (ret == 0)
+ ret = memory_post_tests ((i << 20) + 0xff800, 0x800);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_POST & CFG_POST_MEMORY */
+#endif /* CONFIG_POST */
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