diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/README.standalone | 41 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio-samsung.txt | 41 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio.txt | 211 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/nvidia,tegra20-gpio.txt | 40 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/device-tree-bindings/i2c/i2c.txt | 28 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/driver-model/README.txt | 91 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/driver-model/spi-howto.txt | 40 |
7 files changed, 430 insertions, 62 deletions
diff --git a/doc/README.standalone b/doc/README.standalone index e3000ef..659a12f 100644 --- a/doc/README.standalone +++ b/doc/README.standalone @@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ Design Notes on Exporting U-Boot Functions to Standalone Applications: table is allocated and initialized in the jumptable_init() routine (common/exports.c). Other routines may also modify the jump table, however. The jump table can be accessed as the 'jt' field of the - 'global_data' structure. The slot numbers for the jump table are + 'global_data' structure. The struct members for the jump table are defined in the <include/exports.h> header. E.g., to substitute the malloc() and free() functions that will be available to standalone applications, one should do the following: DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR; - gd->jt[XF_malloc] = my_malloc; - gd->jt[XF_free] = my_free; + gd->jt->malloc = my_malloc; + gd->jt->free = my_free; - Note that the pointers to the functions all have 'void *' type and - thus the compiler cannot perform type checks on these assignments. + Note that the pointers to the functions are real function pointers + so the compiler can perform type checks on these assignments. 2. The pointer to the jump table is passed to the application in a machine-dependent way. PowerPC, ARM, MIPS, Blackfin and Nios II @@ -65,27 +65,46 @@ Design Notes on Exporting U-Boot Functions to Standalone Applications: => tftp 0x40000 hello_world.bin => go 0x40004 -5. To export some additional function foobar(), the following steps +5. To export some additional function long foobar(int i,char c), the following steps should be undertaken: - Append the following line at the end of the include/_exports.h file: - EXPORT_FUNC(foobar) + EXPORT_FUNC(foobar, long, foobar, int, char) + + Parameters to EXPORT_FUNC: + - the first parameter is the function that is exported (default implementation) + - the second parameter is the return value type + - the third parameter is the name of the member in struct jt_funcs + this is also the name that the standalone application will used. + the rest of the parameters are the function arguments - Add the prototype for this function to the include/exports.h file: - void foobar(void); + long foobar(int i, char c); + + Initialization with the default implementation is done in jumptable_init() + + You can override the default implementation using: - - Add the initialization of the jump table slot wherever - appropriate (most likely, to the jumptable_init() function): + gd->jt->foobar = another_foobar; - gd->jt[XF_foobar] = foobar; + The signature of another_foobar must then match the declaration of foobar. - Increase the XF_VERSION value by one in the include/exports.h file + - If you want to export a function which depends on a CONFIG_XXX + use 2 lines like this: + #ifdef CONFIG_FOOBAR + EXPORT_FUNC(foobar, long, foobar, int, char) + #else + EXPORT_FUNC(dummy, void, foobar, void) + #endif + + 6. The code for exporting the U-Boot functions to applications is mostly machine-independent. The only places written in assembly language are stub functions that perform the jump through the jump diff --git a/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio-samsung.txt b/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio-samsung.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5375625 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio-samsung.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Samsung Exynos4 GPIO Controller + +Required properties: +- compatible: Compatible property value should be "samsung,exynos4-gpio>". + +- reg: Physical base address of the controller and length of memory mapped + region. + +- #gpio-cells: Should be 4. The syntax of the gpio specifier used by client nodes + should be the following with values derived from the SoC user manual. + <[phandle of the gpio controller node] + [pin number within the gpio controller] + [mux function] + [flags and pull up/down] + [drive strength]> + + Values for gpio specifier: + - Pin number: is a value between 0 to 7. + - Flags and Pull Up/Down: 0 - Pull Up/Down Disabled. + 1 - Pull Down Enabled. + 3 - Pull Up Enabled. + Bit 16 (0x00010000) - Input is active low. + - Drive Strength: 0 - 1x, + 1 - 3x, + 2 - 2x, + 3 - 4x + +- gpio-controller: Specifies that the node is a gpio controller. +- #address-cells: should be 1. +- #size-cells: should be 1. + +Example: + + gpa0: gpio-controller@11400000 { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <1>; + compatible = "samsung,exynos4-gpio"; + reg = <0x11400000 0x20>; + #gpio-cells = <4>; + gpio-controller; + }; diff --git a/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio.txt b/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9bd1d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/gpio.txt @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +Specifying GPIO information for devices +============================================ + +1) gpios property +----------------- + +Nodes that makes use of GPIOs should specify them using one or more +properties, each containing a 'gpio-list': + + gpio-list ::= <single-gpio> [gpio-list] + single-gpio ::= <gpio-phandle> <gpio-specifier> + gpio-phandle : phandle to gpio controller node + gpio-specifier : Array of #gpio-cells specifying specific gpio + (controller specific) + +GPIO properties should be named "[<name>-]gpios", with <name> being the purpose +of this GPIO for the device. While a non-existent <name> is considered valid +for compatibility reasons (resolving to the "gpios" property), it is not allowed +for new bindings. + +GPIO properties can contain one or more GPIO phandles, but only in exceptional +cases should they contain more than one. If your device uses several GPIOs with +distinct functions, reference each of them under its own property, giving it a +meaningful name. The only case where an array of GPIOs is accepted is when +several GPIOs serve the same function (e.g. a parallel data line). + +The exact purpose of each gpios property must be documented in the device tree +binding of the device. + +The following example could be used to describe GPIO pins used as device enable +and bit-banged data signals: + + gpio1: gpio1 { + gpio-controller + #gpio-cells = <2>; + }; + gpio2: gpio2 { + gpio-controller + #gpio-cells = <1>; + }; + [...] + + enable-gpios = <&gpio2 2>; + data-gpios = <&gpio1 12 0>, + <&gpio1 13 0>, + <&gpio1 14 0>, + <&gpio1 15 0>; + +Note that gpio-specifier length is controller dependent. In the +above example, &gpio1 uses 2 cells to specify a gpio, while &gpio2 +only uses one. + +gpio-specifier may encode: bank, pin position inside the bank, +whether pin is open-drain and whether pin is logically inverted. +Exact meaning of each specifier cell is controller specific, and must +be documented in the device tree binding for the device. Use the macros +defined in include/dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h whenever possible: + +Example of a node using GPIOs: + + node { + enable-gpios = <&qe_pio_e 18 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; + }; + +GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH is 0, so in this example gpio-specifier is "18 0" and encodes +GPIO pin number, and GPIO flags as accepted by the "qe_pio_e" gpio-controller. + +1.1) GPIO specifier best practices +---------------------------------- + +A gpio-specifier should contain a flag indicating the GPIO polarity; active- +high or active-low. If it does, the follow best practices should be followed: + +The gpio-specifier's polarity flag should represent the physical level at the +GPIO controller that achieves (or represents, for inputs) a logically asserted +value at the device. The exact definition of logically asserted should be +defined by the binding for the device. If the board inverts the signal between +the GPIO controller and the device, then the gpio-specifier will represent the +opposite physical level than the signal at the device's pin. + +When the device's signal polarity is configurable, the binding for the +device must either: + +a) Define a single static polarity for the signal, with the expectation that +any software using that binding would statically program the device to use +that signal polarity. + +The static choice of polarity may be either: + +a1) (Preferred) Dictated by a binding-specific DT property. + +or: + +a2) Defined statically by the DT binding itself. + +In particular, the polarity cannot be derived from the gpio-specifier, since +that would prevent the DT from separately representing the two orthogonal +concepts of configurable signal polarity in the device, and possible board- +level signal inversion. + +or: + +b) Pick a single option for device signal polarity, and document this choice +in the binding. The gpio-specifier should represent the polarity of the signal +(at the GPIO controller) assuming that the device is configured for this +particular signal polarity choice. If software chooses to program the device +to generate or receive a signal of the opposite polarity, software will be +responsible for correctly interpreting (inverting) the GPIO signal at the GPIO +controller. + +2) gpio-controller nodes +------------------------ + +Every GPIO controller node must contain both an empty "gpio-controller" +property, and a #gpio-cells integer property, which indicates the number of +cells in a gpio-specifier. + +Example of two SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes: + + qe_pio_a: gpio-controller@1400 { + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-a", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1400 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + }; + + qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 { + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1460 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + }; + +2.1) gpio- and pin-controller interaction +----------------------------------------- + +Some or all of the GPIOs provided by a GPIO controller may be routed to pins +on the package via a pin controller. This allows muxing those pins between +GPIO and other functions. + +It is useful to represent which GPIOs correspond to which pins on which pin +controllers. The gpio-ranges property described below represents this, and +contains information structures as follows: + + gpio-range-list ::= <single-gpio-range> [gpio-range-list] + single-gpio-range ::= <numeric-gpio-range> | <named-gpio-range> + numeric-gpio-range ::= + <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> <pinctrl-base> <count> + named-gpio-range ::= <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> '<0 0>' + gpio-phandle : phandle to pin controller node. + gpio-base : Base GPIO ID in the GPIO controller + pinctrl-base : Base pinctrl pin ID in the pin controller + count : The number of GPIOs/pins in this range + +The "pin controller node" mentioned above must conform to the bindings +described in ../pinctrl/pinctrl-bindings.txt. + +In case named gpio ranges are used (ranges with both <pinctrl-base> and +<count> set to 0), the property gpio-ranges-group-names contains one string +for every single-gpio-range in gpio-ranges: + gpiorange-names-list ::= <gpiorange-name> [gpiorange-names-list] + gpiorange-name : Name of the pingroup associated to the GPIO range in + the respective pin controller. + +Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to numeric ranges contain +the empty string. Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to named +ranges contain the name of a pin group defined in the respective pin +controller. The number of pins/GPIOs in the range is the number of pins in +that pin group. + +Previous versions of this binding required all pin controller nodes that +were referenced by any gpio-ranges property to contain a property named +#gpio-range-cells with value <3>. This requirement is now deprecated. +However, that property may still exist in older device trees for +compatibility reasons, and would still be required even in new device +trees that need to be compatible with older software. + +Example 1: + + qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 { + #gpio-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1460 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>, <&pinctrl2 10 50 20>; + }; + +Here, a single GPIO controller has GPIOs 0..9 routed to pin controller +pinctrl1's pins 20..29, and GPIOs 10..19 routed to pin controller pinctrl2's +pins 50..59. + +Example 2: + + gpio_pio_i: gpio-controller@14B0 { + #gpio-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1480 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>, + <&pinctrl2 10 0 0>, + <&pinctrl1 15 0 10>, + <&pinctrl2 25 0 0>; + gpio-ranges-group-names = "", + "foo", + "", + "bar"; + }; + +Here, three GPIO ranges are defined wrt. two pin controllers. pinctrl1 GPIO +ranges are defined using pin numbers whereas the GPIO ranges wrt. pinctrl2 +are named "foo" and "bar". diff --git a/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/nvidia,tegra20-gpio.txt b/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/nvidia,tegra20-gpio.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..023c952 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/device-tree-bindings/gpio/nvidia,tegra20-gpio.txt @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +NVIDIA Tegra GPIO controller + +Required properties: +- compatible : "nvidia,tegra<chip>-gpio" +- reg : Physical base address and length of the controller's registers. +- interrupts : The interrupt outputs from the controller. For Tegra20, + there should be 7 interrupts specified, and for Tegra30, there should + be 8 interrupts specified. +- #gpio-cells : Should be two. The first cell is the pin number and the + second cell is used to specify optional parameters: + - bit 0 specifies polarity (0 for normal, 1 for inverted) +- gpio-controller : Marks the device node as a GPIO controller. +- #interrupt-cells : Should be 2. + The first cell is the GPIO number. + The second cell is used to specify flags: + bits[3:0] trigger type and level flags: + 1 = low-to-high edge triggered. + 2 = high-to-low edge triggered. + 4 = active high level-sensitive. + 8 = active low level-sensitive. + Valid combinations are 1, 2, 3, 4, 8. +- interrupt-controller : Marks the device node as an interrupt controller. + +Example: + +gpio: gpio@6000d000 { + compatible = "nvidia,tegra20-gpio"; + reg = < 0x6000d000 0x1000 >; + interrupts = < 0 32 0x04 + 0 33 0x04 + 0 34 0x04 + 0 35 0x04 + 0 55 0x04 + 0 87 0x04 + 0 89 0x04 >; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + gpio-controller; + #interrupt-cells = <2>; + interrupt-controller; +}; diff --git a/doc/device-tree-bindings/i2c/i2c.txt b/doc/device-tree-bindings/i2c/i2c.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea918dd --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/device-tree-bindings/i2c/i2c.txt @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +U-Boot I2C +---------- + +U-Boot's I2C model has the concept of an offset within a chip (I2C target +device). The offset can be up to 4 bytes long, but is normally 1 byte, +meaning that offsets from 0 to 255 are supported by the chip. This often +corresponds to register numbers. + +Apart from the controller-specific I2C bindings, U-Boot supports a special +property which allows the chip offset length to be selected. + +Optional properties: +- u-boot,i2c-offset-len - length of chip offset in bytes. If omitted the + default value of 1 is used. + + +Example +------- + +i2c4: i2c@12ca0000 { + cros-ec@1e { + reg = <0x1e>; + compatible = "google,cros-ec"; + i2c-max-frequency = <100000>; + u-boot,i2c-offset-len = <0>; + ec-interrupt = <&gpx1 6 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + }; +}; diff --git a/doc/driver-model/README.txt b/doc/driver-model/README.txt index eafa825..f83264d 100644 --- a/doc/driver-model/README.txt +++ b/doc/driver-model/README.txt @@ -363,6 +363,10 @@ can leave out platdata_auto_alloc_size. In this case you can use malloc in your ofdata_to_platdata (or probe) method to allocate the required memory, and you should free it in the remove method. +The driver model tree is intended to mirror that of the device tree. The +root driver is at device tree offset 0 (the root node, '/'), and its +children are the children of the root node. + Declaring Uclasses ------------------ @@ -384,12 +388,12 @@ Device Sequence Numbers U-Boot numbers devices from 0 in many situations, such as in the command line for I2C and SPI buses, and the device names for serial ports (serial0, serial1, ...). Driver model supports this numbering and permits devices -to be locating by their 'sequence'. This numbering unique identifies a +to be locating by their 'sequence'. This numbering uniquely identifies a device in its uclass, so no two devices within a particular uclass can have the same sequence number. Sequence numbers start from 0 but gaps are permitted. For example, a board -may have I2C buses 0, 1, 4, 5 but no 2 or 3. The choice of how devices are +may have I2C buses 1, 4, 5 but no 0, 2 or 3. The choice of how devices are numbered is up to a particular board, and may be set by the SoC in some cases. While it might be tempting to automatically renumber the devices where there are gaps in the sequence, this can lead to confusion and is @@ -399,7 +403,7 @@ Each device can request a sequence number. If none is required then the device will be automatically allocated the next available sequence number. To specify the sequence number in the device tree an alias is typically -used. +used. Make sure that the uclass has the DM_UC_FLAG_SEQ_ALIAS flag set. aliases { serial2 = "/serial@22230000"; @@ -409,43 +413,18 @@ This indicates that in the uclass called "serial", the named node ("/serial@22230000") will be given sequence number 2. Any command or driver which requests serial device 2 will obtain this device. -Some devices represent buses where the devices on the bus are numbered or -addressed. For example, SPI typically numbers its slaves from 0, and I2C -uses a 7-bit address. In these cases the 'reg' property of the subnode is -used, for example: - -{ - aliases { - spi2 = "/spi@22300000"; - }; - - spi@22300000 { - #address-cells = <1>; - #size-cells = <1>; - spi-flash@0 { - reg = <0>; - ... - } - eeprom@1 { - reg = <1>; - }; - }; - -In this case we have a SPI bus with two slaves at 0 and 1. The SPI bus -itself is numbered 2. So we might access the SPI flash with: - - sf probe 2:0 +More commonly you can use node references, which expand to the full path: -and the eeprom with - - sspi 2:1 32 ef - -These commands simply need to look up the 2nd device in the SPI uclass to -find the right SPI bus. Then, they look at the children of that bus for the -right sequence number (0 or 1 in this case). +aliases { + serial2 = &serial_2; +}; +... +serial_2: serial@22230000 { +... +}; -Typically the alias method is used for top-level nodes and the 'reg' method -is used only for buses. +The alias resolves to the same string in this case, but this version is +easier to read. Device sequence numbers are resolved when a device is probed. Before then the sequence number is only a request which may or may not be honoured, @@ -462,11 +441,18 @@ access to other devices. Example of buses include SPI and I2C. Typically the bus provides some sort of transport or translation that makes it possible to talk to the devices on the bus. -Driver model provides a few useful features to help with implementing -buses. Firstly, a bus can request that its children store some 'parent -data' which can be used to keep track of child state. Secondly, the bus can -define methods which are called when a child is probed or removed. This is -similar to the methods the uclass driver provides. +Driver model provides some useful features to help with implementing buses. +Firstly, a bus can request that its children store some 'parent data' which +can be used to keep track of child state. Secondly, the bus can define +methods which are called when a child is probed or removed. This is similar +to the methods the uclass driver provides. Thirdly, per-child platform data +can be provided to specify things like the child's address on the bus. This +persists across child probe()/remove() cycles. + +For consistency and ease of implementation, the bus uclass can specify the +per-child platform data, so that it can be the same for all children of buses +in that uclass. There are also uclass methods which can be called when +children are bound and probed. Here an explanation of how a bus fits with a uclass may be useful. Consider a USB bus with several devices attached to it, each from a different (made @@ -481,15 +467,23 @@ Each of the devices is connected to a different address on the USB bus. The bus device wants to store this address and some other information such as the bus speed for each device. -To achieve this, the bus device can use dev->parent_priv in each of its -three children. This can be auto-allocated if the bus driver has a non-zero -value for per_child_auto_alloc_size. If not, then the bus device can -allocate the space itself before the child device is probed. +To achieve this, the bus device can use dev->parent_platdata in each of its +three children. This can be auto-allocated if the bus driver (or bus uclass) +has a non-zero value for per_child_platdata_auto_alloc_size. If not, then +the bus device or uclass can allocate the space itself before the child +device is probed. Also the bus driver can define the child_pre_probe() and child_post_remove() methods to allow it to do some processing before the child is activated or after it is deactivated. +Similarly the bus uclass can define the child_post_bind() method to obtain +the per-child platform data from the device tree and set it up for the child. +The bus uclass can also provide a child_pre_probe() method. Very often it is +the bus uclass that controls these features, since it avoids each driver +having to do the same processing. Of course the driver can still tweak and +override these activities. + Note that the information that controls this behaviour is in the bus's driver, not the child's. In fact it is possible that child has no knowledge that it is connected to a bus. The same child device may even be used on two @@ -516,7 +510,8 @@ bus device, regardless of its own views on the matter. The uclass for the device can also contain data private to that uclass. But note that each device on the bus may be a memeber of a different uclass, and this data has nothing to do with the child data for each child -on the bus. +on the bus. It is the bus' uclass that controls the child with respect to +the bus. Driver Lifecycle diff --git a/doc/driver-model/spi-howto.txt b/doc/driver-model/spi-howto.txt index 719dbd5..5bc29ad 100644 --- a/doc/driver-model/spi-howto.txt +++ b/doc/driver-model/spi-howto.txt @@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ How to port a SPI driver to driver model Here is a rough step-by-step guide. It is based around converting the exynos SPI driver to driver model (DM) and the example code is based -around U-Boot v2014.10-rc2 (commit be9f643). +around U-Boot v2014.10-rc2 (commit be9f643). This has been updated for +v2015.04. It is quite long since it includes actual code examples. @@ -262,8 +263,8 @@ U_BOOT_DEVICE(board_spi0) = { .platdata = &platdata_spi0, }; -You will unfortunately need to put the struct into a header file in this -case so that your board file can use it. +You will unfortunately need to put the struct definition into a header file +in this case so that your board file can use it. 9. Add the device private data @@ -592,3 +593,36 @@ board. You can use 'tools/patman/patman' to prepare, check and send patches for your work. See the README for details. + +20. A little note about SPI uclass features: + +The SPI uclass keeps some information about each device 'dev' on the bus: + + struct dm_spi_slave_platdata - this is device_get_parent_platdata(dev) + This is where the chip select number is stored, along with + the default bus speed and mode. It is automatically read + from the device tree in spi_child_post_bind(). It must not + be changed at run-time after being set up because platform + data is supposed to be immutable at run-time. + struct spi_slave - this is device_get_parentdata(dev) + Already mentioned above. It holds run-time information about + the device. + +There are also some SPI uclass methods that get called behind the scenes: + + spi_post_bind() - called when a new bus is bound + This scans the device tree for devices on the bus, and binds + each one. This in turn causes spi_child_post_bind() to be + called for each, which reads the device tree information + into the parent (per-child) platform data. + spi_child_post_bind() - called when a new child is bound + As mentioned above this reads the device tree information + into the per-child platform data + spi_child_pre_probe() - called before a new child is probed + This sets up the mode and speed in struct spi_slave by + copying it from the parent's platform data for this child. + It also sets the 'dev' pointer, needed to permit passing + 'struct spi_slave' around the place without needing a + separate 'struct udevice' pointer. + +The above housekeeping makes it easier to write your SPI driver. |