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diff --git a/doc/README.POST b/doc/README.POST new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62346ad --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/README.POST @@ -0,0 +1,732 @@ +Power-On-Self-Test support in U-Boot +------------------------------------ + +This project is to support Power-On-Self-Test (POST) in U-Boot. + +1. High-level requirements + +The key rquirements for this project are as follows: + +1) The project shall develop a flexible framework for implementing + and running Power-On-Self-Test in U-Boot. This framework shall + possess the following features: + + o) Extensibility + + The framework shall allow adding/removing/replacing POST tests. + Also, standalone POST tests shall be supported. + + o) Configurability + + The framework shall allow run-time configuration of the lists + of tests running on normal/power-fail booting. + + o) Controllability + + The framework shall support manual running of the POST tests. + +2) The results of tests shall be saved so that it will be possible to + retrieve them from Linux. + +3) The following POST tests shall be developed for MPC823E-based + boards: + + o) CPU test + o) Cache test + o) Memory test + o) Ethernet test + o) Serial channels test + o) Watchdog timer test + o) RTC test + o) I2C test + o) SPI test + o) USB test + +4) The LWMON board shall be used for reference. + +2. Design + +This section details the key points of the design for the project. +The whole project can be divided into two independent tasks: +enhancing U-Boot/Linux to provide a common framework for running POST +tests and developing such tests for particular hardware. + +2.1. Hardware-independent POST layer + +A new optional module will be added to U-Boot, which will run POST +tests and collect their results at boot time. Also, U-Boot will +support running POST tests manually at any time by executing a +special command from the system console. + +The list of available POST tests will be configured at U-Boot build +time. The POST layer will allow the developer to add any custom POST +tests. All POST tests will be divided into the following groups: + + 1) Tests running on power-on booting only + + This group will contain those tests that run only once on + power-on reset (e.g. watchdog test) + + 2) Tests running on normal booting only + + This group will contain those tests that do not take much + time and can be run on the regular basis (e.g. CPU test) + + 3) Tests running on power-fail booting only + + This group will contain POST tests that consume much time + and cannot be run regularly (e.g. I2C test) + + 4) Manually executed tests + + This group will contain those tests that can be run manually. + +If necessary, some tests may belong to several groups simultaneously. +For example, SDRAM test may run on both noarmal and power-fail +booting. On normal booting, SDRAM test may perform a fast superficial +memory test only, while running on power-fail booting it may perform +a full memory check-up. + +Also, all tests will be discriminated by the moment they run at. +Specifically, the following groups will be singled out: + + 1) Tests running before relocating to RAM + + These tests will run immediatelly after initializing RAM + as to enable modifying it without taking care of its + contents. Basically, this group will contain memory tests + only. + + 2) Tests running after relocating to RAM + + These tests will run immediately before entering the main + loop as to guarantee full hardware initialization. + +The POST layer will also distinguish a special group of tests that +may cause system rebooting (e.g. watchdog test). For such tests, the +layer will automatically detect rebooting and will notify the test +about it. + +2.1.1. POST layer interfaces + +This section details the interfaces between the POST layer and the +rest of U-Boot. + +The following flags will be defined: + +#define POST_ROM 0x01 /* test runs in ROM */ +#define POST_RAM 0x02 /* test runs in RAM */ +#define POST_POWERON 0x04 /* test runs on power-on booting */ +#define POST_NORMAL 0x08 /* test runs on normal booting */ +#define POST_SHUTDOWN 0x10 /* test runs on power-fail booting */ +#define POST_MANUAL 0x20 /* test can be executed manually */ +#define POST_REBOOT 0x80 /* test may cause rebooting */ + +The POST layer will export the following interface routines: + + o) int post_run(bd_t *bd, char *name, int flags); + + This routine will run the test (or the group of tests) specified + by the name and flag arguments. More specifically, if the name + argument is not NULL, the test with this name will be performed, + otherwise all tests running in ROM/RAM (depending on the flag + argument) will be executed. This routine will be called at least + twice with name set to NULL, once from board_init_f() and once + from board_init_r(). The flags argument will also specify the + mode the test is executed in (power-on, normal, power-fail, + manual). + + o) void post_reloc(ulong offset); + + This routine will be called from board_init_r() and will + relocate the POST test table. + + o) int post_info(char *name); + + This routine will print the list of all POST tests that can be + executed manually if name is NULL, and the description of a + particular test if name is not NULL. + + o) int post_log(char *format, ...); + + This routine will be called from POST tests to log their + results. Basically, this routine will print the results to + stderr. The format of the arguments and the return value + will be identical to the printf() routine. + +Also, the following board-specific routines will be called from the +U-Boot common code: + + o) int board_power_mode(void) + + This routine will return the mode the system is running in + (POST_POWERON, POST_NORMAL or POST_SHUTDOWN). + + o) void board_poweroff(void) + + This routine will turn off the power supply of the board. It + will be called on power-fail booting after running all POST + tests. + +The list of available POST tests be kept in the post_tests array +filled at U-Boot build time. The format of entry in this array will +be as follows: + +struct post_test { + char *name; + char *cmd; + char *desc; + int flags; + int (*test)(bd_t *bd, int flags); +}; + + o) name + + This field will contain a short name of the test, which will be + used in logs and on listing POST tests (e.g. CPU test). + + o) cmd + + This field will keep a name for identifying the test on manual + testing (e.g. cpu). For more information, refer to section + "Command line interface". + + o) desc + + This field will contain a detailed description of the test, + which will be printed on user request. For more information, see + section "Command line interface". + + o) flags + + This field will contain a combination of the bit flags described + above, which will specify the mode the test is running in + (power-on, normal, power-fail or manual mode), the moment it + should be run at (before or after relocating to RAM), whether it + can cause system rebooting or not. + + o) test + + This field will contain a pointer to the routine that will + perform the test, which will take 2 arguments. The first + argument will be a pointer to the board info structure, while + the second will be a combination of bit flags specifying the + mode the test is running in (POST_POWERON, POST_NORMAL, + POST_POWERFAIL, POST_MANUAL) and whether the last execution of + the test caused system rebooting (POST_REBOOT). The routine will + return 0 on successful execution of the test, and 1 if the test + failed. + +The lists of the POST tests that should be run at power-on/normal/ +power-fail booting will be kept in the environment. Namely, the +following environment variables will be used: post_poweron, +powet_normal, post_shutdown. + +2.1.2. Test results + +The results of tests will be collected by the POST layer. The POST +log will have the following format: + +... +-------------------------------------------- +START <name> +<test-specific output> +[PASSED|FAILED] +-------------------------------------------- +... + +Basically, the results of tests will be printed to stderr. This +feature may be enhanced in future to spool the log to a serial line, +save it in non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), transfer it to a dedicated +storage server and etc. + +2.1.3. Integration issues + +All POST-related code will be #ifdef'ed with the CONFIG_POST macro. +This macro will be defined in the config_<board>.h file for those +boards that need POST. The CONFIG_POST macro will contain the list of +POST tests for the board. The macro will have the format of array +composed of post_test structures: + +#define CONFIG_POST \ + { + "On-board peripherals test", "board", \ + " This test performs full check-up of the " \ + "on-board hardware.", \ + POST_RAM | POST_POWERFAIL, \ + &board_post_test \ + } + +A new file, post.h, will be created in the include/ directory. This +file will contain common POST declarations and will define a set of +macros that will be reused for defining CONFIG_POST. As an example, +the following macro may be defined: + +#define POST_CACHE \ + { + "Cache test", "cache", \ + " This test verifies the CPU cache operation.", \ + POST_RAM | POST_NORMAL, \ + &cache_post_test \ + } + +A new subdirectory will be created in the U-Boot root directory. It +will contain the source code of the POST layer and most of POST +tests. Each POST test in this directory will be placed into a +separate file (it will be needed for building standalone tests). Some +POST tests (mainly those for testing peripheral devices) will be +located in the source files of the drivers for those devices. This +way will be used only if the test subtantially uses the driver. + +2.1.4. Standalone tests + +The POST framework will allow to develop and run standalone tests. A +user-space library will be developed to provide the POST interface +functions to standalone tests. + +2.1.5. Command line interface + +A new command, diag, will be added to U-Boot. This command will be +used for listing all available hardware tests, getting detailed +descriptions of them and running these tests. + +More specifically, being run without any arguments, this command will +print the list of all available hardware tests: + +=> diag +Available hardware tests: + cache - cache test + cpu - CPU test + enet - SCC/FCC ethernet test +Use 'diag [<test1> [<test2>]] ... ' to get more info. +Use 'diag run [<test1> [<test2>]] ... ' to run tests. +=> + +If the first argument to the diag command is not 'run', detailed +descriptions of the specified tests will be printed: + +=> diag cpu cache +cpu - CPU test + This test verifies the arithmetic logic unit of CPU. +cache - cache test + This test verifies the CPU cache operation. +=> + +If the first argument to diag is 'run', the specified tests will be +executed. If no tests are specified, all available tests will be +executed. + +It will be prohibited to execute tests running in ROM manually. The +'diag' command will not display such tests and/or run them. + +2.1.6. Power failure handling + +The Linux kernel will be modified to detect power failures and +automatically reboot the system in such cases. It will be assumed +that the power failure causes a system interrupt. + +To perform correct system shutdown, the kernel will register a +handler of the power-fail IRQ on booting. Being called, the handler +will run /sbin/reboot using the call_usermodehelper() routine. +/sbin/reboot will automatically bring the system down in a secure +way. This feature will be configured in/out from the kernel +configuration file. + +The POST layer of U-Boot will check whether the system runs in +power-fail mode. If it does, the system will be powered off after +executing all hardware tests. + +2.1.7. Hazardous tests + +Some tests may cause system rebooting during their execution. For +some tests, this will indicate a failure, while for the Watchdog +test, this means successful operation of the timer. + +In order to support such tests, the following scheme will be +implemented. All the tests that may cause system rebooting will have +the POST_REBOOT bit flag set in the flag field of the correspondent +post_test structure. Before starting tests marked with this bit flag, +the POST layer will store an identification number of the test in a +location in IMMR. On booting, the POST layer will check the value of +this variable and if it is set will skip over the tests preceding the +failed one. On second execution of the failed test, the POST_REBOOT +bit flag will be set in the flag argument to the test routine. This +will allow to detect system rebooting on the previous iteration. For +example, the watchdog timer test may have the following +declaration/body: + +... +#define POST_WATCHDOG \ + { + "Watchdog timer test", "watchdog", \ + " This test checks the watchdog timer.", \ + POST_RAM | POST_POWERON | POST_REBOOT, \ + &watchdog_post_test \ + } +... + +... +int watchdog_post_test(bd_t *bd, int flags) +{ + unsigned long start_time; + + if (flags & POST_REBOOT) { + /* Test passed */ + return 0; + } else { + /* disable interrupts */ + disable_interrupts(); + /* 10-second delay */ + ... + /* if we've reached this, the watchdog timer does not work */ + enable_interrupts(); + return 1; + } +} +... + +2.2. Hardware-specific details + +This project will also develop a set of POST tests for MPC8xx- based +systems. This section provides technical details of how it will be +done. + +2.2.1. Generic PPC tests + +The following generic POST tests will be developed: + + o) CPU test + + This test will check the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of CPU. The + test will take several milliseconds and will run on normal + booting. + + o) Cache test + + This test will verify the CPU cache (L1 cache). The test will + run on normal booting. + + o) Memory test + + This test will examine RAM and check it for errors. The test + will always run on booting. On normal booting, only a limited + amount of RAM will be checked. On power-fail booting a fool + memory check-up will be performed. + +2.2.1.1. CPU test + +This test will verify the following ALU instructions: + + o) Condition register istructions + + This group will contain: mtcrf, mfcr, mcrxr, crand, crandc, + cror, crorc, crxor, crnand, crnor, creqv, mcrf. + + The mtcrf/mfcr instructions will be tested by loading different + values into the condition register (mtcrf), moving its value to + a general-purpose register (mfcr) and comparing this value with + the expected one. The mcrxr instruction will be tested by + loading a fixed value into the XER register (mtspr), moving XER + value to the condition register (mcrxr), moving it to a + general-purpose register (mfcr) and comparing the value of this + register with the expected one. The rest of instructions will be + tested by loading a fixed value into the condition register + (mtcrf), executing each instruction several times to modify all + 4-bit condition fields, moving the value of the conditional + register to a general-purpose register (mfcr) and comparing it + with the expected one. + + o) Integer compare instructions + + This group will contain: cmp, cmpi, cmpl, cmpli. + + To verify these instructions the test will run them with + different combinations of operands, read the condition register + value and compare it with the expected one. More specifically, + the test will contain a pre-built table containing the + description of each test case: the instruction, the values of + the operands, the condition field to save the result in and the + expected result. + + o) Arithmetic instructions + + This group will contain: add, addc, adde, addme, addze, subf, + subfc, subfe, subme, subze, mullw, mulhw, mulhwu, divw, divwu, + extsb, extsh. + + The test will contain a pre-built table of instructions, + operands, expected results and expected states of the condition + register. For each table entry, the test will cyclically use + different sets of operand registers and result registers. For + example, for instructions that use 3 registers on the first + iteration r0/r1 will be used as operands and r2 for result. On + the second iteration, r1/r2 will be used as operands and r3 as + for result and so on. This will enable to verify all + general-purpose registers. + + o) Logic instructions + + This group will contain: and, andc, andi, andis, or, orc, ori, + oris, xor, xori, xoris, nand, nor, neg, eqv, cntlzw. + + The test scheme will be identical to that from the previous + point. + + o) Shift instructions + + This group will contain: slw, srw, sraw, srawi, rlwinm, rlwnm, + rlwimi + + The test scheme will be identical to that from the previous + point. + + o) Branch instructions + + This group will contain: b, bl, bc. + + The first 2 instructions (b, bl) will be verified by jumping to + a fixed address and checking whether control was transfered to + that very point. For the bl instruction the value of the link + register will be checked as well (using mfspr). To verify the bc + instruction various combinations of the BI/BO fields, the CTR + and the condition register values will be checked. The list of + such combinations will be pre-built and linked in U-Boot at + build time. + + o) Load/store instructions + + This group will contain: lbz(x)(u), lhz(x)(u), lha(x)(u), + lwz(x)(u), stb(x)(u), sth(x)(u), stw(x)(u). + + All operations will be performed on a 16-byte array. The array + will be 4-byte aligned. The base register will point to offset + 8. The immediate offset (index register) will range in [-8 ... + +7]. The test cases will be composed so that they will not cause + alignment exceptions. The test will contain a pre-built table + describing all test cases. For store instructions, the table + entry will contain: the instruction opcode, the value of the + index register and the value of the source register. After + executing the instruction, the test will verify the contents of + the array and the value of the base register (it must change for + "store with update" instructions). For load instructions, the + table entry will contain: the instruction opcode, the array + contents, the value of the index register and the expected value + of the destination register. After executing the instruction, + the test will verify the value of the destination register and + the value of the base register (it must change for "load with + update" instructions). + + o) Load/store multiple/string instructions + + +The CPU test will run in RAM in order to allow run-time modification +of the code to reduce the memory footprint. + +2.2.1.2 Special-Purpose Registers Tests + +TBD. + +2.2.1.3. Cache test + +To verify the data cache operation the following test scenarios will +be used: + + 1) Basic test #1 + + - turn on the data cache + - switch the data cache to write-back or write-through mode + - invalidate the data cache + - write the negative pattern to a cached area + - read the area + + The negative pattern must be read at the last step + + 2) Basic test #2 + + - turn on the data cache + - switch the data cache to write-back or write-through mode + - invalidate the data cache + - write the zero pattern to a cached area + - turn off the data cache + - write the negative pattern to the area + - turn on the data cache + - read the area + + The negative pattern must be read at the last step + + 3) Write-through mode test + + - turn on the data cache + - switch the data cache to write-through mode + - invalidate the data cache + - write the zero pattern to a cached area + - flush the data cache + - write the negative pattern to the area + - turn off the data cache + - read the area + + The negative pattern must be read at the last step + + 4) Write-back mode test + + - turn on the data cache + - switch the data cache to write-back mode + - invalidate the data cache + - write the negative pattern to a cached area + - flush the data cache + - write the zero pattern to the area + - invalidate the data cache + - read the area + + The negative pattern must be read at the last step + +To verify the instruction cache operation the following test +scenarios will be used: + + 1) Basic test #1 + + - turn on the instruction cache + - unlock the entire instruction cache + - invalidate the instruction cache + - lock a branch instruction in the instruction cache + - replace the branch instruction with "nop" + - jump to the branch instruction + - check that the branch instruction was executed + + 2) Basic test #2 + + - turn on the instruction cache + - unlock the entire instruction cache + - invalidate the instruction cache + - jump to a branch instruction + - check that the branch instruction was executed + - replace the branch instruction with "nop" + - invalidate the instruction cache + - jump to the branch instruction + - check that the "nop" instruction was executed + +The CPU test will run in RAM in order to allow run-time modification +of the code. + +2.2.1.4. Memory test + +The memory test will verify RAM using sequential writes and reads +to/from RAM. Specifically, there will be several test cases that will +use different patterns to verify RAM. Each test case will first fill +a region of RAM with one pattern and then read the region back and +compare its contents with the pattern. The following patterns will be +used: + + 1) zero pattern (0x00000000) + 2) negative pattern (0xffffffff) + 3) checkerboard pattern (0x55555555, 0xaaaaaaaa) + 4) bit-flip pattern ((1 << (offset % 32)), ~(1 << (offset % 32))) + 5) address pattern (offset, ~offset) + +Patterns #1, #2 will help to find unstable bits. Patterns #3, #4 will +be used to detect adherent bits, i.e. bits whose state may randomly +change if adjacent bits are modified. The last pattern will be used +to detect far-located errors, i.e. situations when writing to one +location modifies an area located far from it. Also, usage of the +last pattern will help to detect memory controller misconfigurations +when RAM represents a cyclically repeated portion of a smaller size. + +Being run in normal mode, the test will verify only small 4Kb regions +of RAM around each 1Mb boundary. For example, for 64Mb RAM the +following areas will be verified: 0x00000000-0x00000800, +0x000ff800-0x00100800, 0x001ff800-0x00200800, ..., 0x03fff800- +0x04000000. If the test is run in power-fail mode, it will verify the +whole RAM. + +The memory test will run in ROM before relocating U-Boot to RAM in +order to allow RAM modification without saving its contents. + +2.2.2. Common tests + +This section describes tests that are not based on any hardware +peculiarities and use common U-Boot interfaces only. These tests do +not need any modifications for porting them to another board/CPU. + +2.2.2.1. I2C test + +For verifying the I2C bus, a full I2C bus scanning will be performed +using the i2c_probe() routine. If any I2C device is found, the test +will be considered as passed, otherwise failed. This particular way +will be used because it provides the most common method of testing. +For example, using the internal loopback mode of the CPM I2C +controller for testing would not work on boards where the software +I2C driver (also known as bit-banged driver) is used. + +2.2.2.2. Watchdog timer test + +To test the watchdog timer the scheme mentioned above (refer to +section "Hazardous tests") will be used. Namely, this test will be +marked with the POST_REBOOT bit flag. On the first iteration, the +test routine will make a 10-second delay. If the system does not +reboot during this delay, the watchdog timer is not operational and +the test fails. If the system reboots, on the second iteration the +POST_REBOOT bit will be set in the flag argument to the test routine. +The test routine will check this bit and report a success if it is +set. + +2.2.2.3. RTC test + +The RTC test will use the rtc_get()/rtc_set() routines. The following +features will be verified: + + o) Time uniformity + + This will be verified by reading RTC in polling within a short + period of time (5-10 seconds). + + o) Passing month boundaries + + This will be checked by setting RTC to a second before a month + boundary and reading it after its passing the boundary. The test + will be performed for both leap- and nonleap-years. + +2.2.3. MPC8xx peripherals tests + +This project will develop a set of tests verifying the peripheral +units of MPC8xx processors. Namely, the following controllers of the +MPC8xx communication processor module (CPM) will be tested: + + o) Serial Management Controllers (SMC) + + o) Serial Communication Controllers (SCC) + +2.2.3.1. Ethernet tests (SCC) + +The internal (local) loopback mode will be used to test SCC. To do +that the controllers will be configured accordingly and several +packets will be transmitted. These tests may be enhanced in future to +use external loopback for testing. That will need appropriate +reconfiguration of the physical interface chip. + +The test routines for the SCC ethernet tests will be located in +cpu/mpc8xx/scc.c. + +2.2.3.2. UART tests (SMC/SCC) + +To perform these tests the internal (local) loopback mode will be +used. The SMC/SCC controllers will be configured to connect the +transmitter output to the receiver input. After that, several bytes +will be transmitted. These tests may be enhanced to make to perform +"external" loopback test using a loopback cable. In this case, the +test will be executed manually. + +The test routine for the SMC/SCC UART tests will be located in +cpu/mpc8xx/serial.c. + +2.2.3.3. USB test + +TBD + +2.2.3.4. SPI test + +TBD + +2.3. Design notes + +Currently it is unknown how we will power off the board after running +all power-fail POST tests. This point needs further clarification. |